Unit 5: Reproductive System & Genetics

February 20, 2026

Semester 2
BP201T

Introduction to Reproductive System & Genetics

Unit 5 covers the continuity of life. It details the anatomy and physiology of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems, including the complex hormonal regulation of the Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy. The unit also introduces Genetics, covering the basics of DNA, Genes, and Protein Synthesis (Transcription & Translation).

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Syllabus & Topics

  • 1Reproductive system: Anatomy of male and female reproductive system.
  • 2Functions of male and female reproductive system.
  • 3Sex hormones: Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone.
  • 4Physiology of menstruation.
  • 5Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis.
  • 6Fertilization, Pregnancy and Parturition.
  • 7Introduction to genetics: Chromosomes, genes and DNA.
  • 8Protein synthesis: Transcription and Translation.
  • 9Genetic pattern of inheritance.

Learning Objectives

Anatomy Lab: Identify the parts of the male and female reproductive tracts.
Explain the Cycle: Describe the phases of the Menstrual Cycle and the hormones involved (FSH, LH, Estrogen, Progesterone).
Compare Gametogenesis: Differentiate between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis.
Central Dogma: Explain the flow of genetic information: DNA -> RNA -> Protein.
Understand Inheritance: Define Gene, Chromosome, and basic patterns of inheritance.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What regulates the Menstrual Cycle?

The menstrual cycle is regulated by the coordinated interaction of hormones from:

  • Hypothalamus – Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

  • Pituitary gland – Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

  • Ovaries – Estrogen and Progesterone

Q2. What is Transcription and Translation?

  • Transcription is the process of forming mRNA from DNA.

  • Translation is the process of synthesizing a protein from mRNA with the help of ribosomes.

Q3. Is Genetics important for Pharmacy?

Yes. Genetics is highly important in pharmacy, especially in pharmacogenomics (study of how genes affect drug response) and biotechnology, which influence personalized medicine and drug development.

Q4. Where does Fertilization occur?

Fertilization usually occurs in the fallopian tube (oviduct) of the female reproductive system.

Q5. What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

  • DNA: Double-stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and the base thymine.

  • RNA: Single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and the base uracil.